To promote the use of renewable sources for energy production, on 19 September 2005 came into force in Italy the Energy Account, that is to say an incentive system that rewards the energy produced by photovoltaic systems with incentives. In this way the initial cost for the installation of a domestic photovoltaic system is repaid in about 10 years of operation of the system and then the production of energy will even bring a small annual gain (in fact for 20 years a sum is granted for each kWh produced, which depends on the size and type of the installation).
The Ministerial Decree of 19 February 2007, which introduces some innovations on the old Energy Account, provide incentives that are available for all applications accepted until a cumulative photovoltaic power of 1200 MW.
 NET METERING
Today it’s possible to take advantage of the "net metering” mechanism, which allows the user to use energy even when the photovoltaic system does not produce it. The user remains connected to the power supply and consumes the energy required when it’s necessary, regardless the production of the photovoltaic system, as before the installation of the photovoltaic system.
The energy supplier takes into account the excess energy produced by PV system, and not consumed, and compensates in the energy bill consumption in absence of PV production with excess production.
The bill then shows both consumptions and excess production and make the compensation:
a) If consumption is less than or equal to production, the voice on the overall energy bill is reset. Excess production (not consumed) will be used to compensate periods when consumption exceeds production.
b) If consumption is higher there is a compensation with the possible carryover of excess production.
The compensation mechanism has a limit, so that surplus production must be offset in three years and then it is lost. That’s why a PV system must be sized to produce what is consumed.
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